Analog electronics with LabVIEW

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Table of Contents | Examples
Copyright
National Improvements | Virtual Instrumentation Series
Preface
References
Hardware and Software Requirements
LabVIEW VI Libraries and Project and Problem Folders and Files
Unit 1. Elementary Circuit Analysis for analog Electronics
Section 1.1. Resistor Voltage Divider and MOSFET DC Gate Voltage
Section 1.2. Output Circuit and DC DrAIn Voltage
Section 1.3. Frequency Response of the Amplifier Stage
Section 1.4. Summary of Equations
Section 1.5. Exercises and Projects
Unit 2. Transistors and Voltage Amplification
Section 2.1. BJT and MOSFET Schematic Symbols, Terminal Voltages, and
Branch Currents
Section 2.2. Fundamentals of Signal Amplification: The Linear Circuit
Section 2.3. Basic NMOS Common-Source Amplifier
Section 2.4. Transistor Output Resistance and Limiting Gain
Section 2.5. Summary of Equations
Section 2.6. Exercises and Projects
Section 2.7. References to the Electronics Book Sequence
Unit 3. Characterization of MOS Transistors for Circuit Simulation
Section 3.1. Physical Description of the MOSFET
Section 3.2. Output and Transfer Characteristics of the MOSFET
Section 3.3. Body Effect and Threshold Voltage
Section 3.4. Derivation of the Linear-Region Current – Voltage Relation
Section 3.5. Summary of Equations
Section 3.6. Exercises and Projects
Unit 4. Signal Conductance Parameters for Circuit Simulation
Section 4.1. Amplifier Circuit and Signal Equivalent Circuits
Section 4.2. Transistor Variable Incremental Relationships
Section 4.3. Transconductance Parameter
Section 4.4. Body-Effect Transconductance Parameter
Section 4.5. Output Conductance Parameter
Section 4.6. Graphical Perspective of Output Characteristics and the Load Line
Section 4.7. Summary of Equations
Unit 5. Common-Source Amplifier Stage
Section 5.1. DC (Bias) Circuit
Section 5.2. Amplifier Voltage Gain
Section 5.3. Linearity of the Gain of the Common-Source Amplifier
Section 5.4. Current-Source Common-Source Amplifier: Common-Source
Amplifier with a Source Resistor
Section 5.5. Design of a Basic Common-Source Amplifier
Section 5.6. Summary of Equations
Section 5.7. Exercises and Projects
Unit 6. Coupling and Bypass Capacitors and Frequency Response
Section 6.1. Grounded-Source Amplifier: Coupling Capacitor
Section 6.2. Current-Source Bias Amplifier: Bypass Capacitor
Section 6.3. Precision Formulation of the Low-Frequency Gain and
Characteristic Frequencies
Section 6.4. Load Coupling Capacitor
Section 6.5. Summary of Equations
Section 6.6. Exercises and Projects
Unit 7. MOSFET Source-Follower Buffer Stage
Section 7.1. DC (Bias) Circuit
Section 7.2. Source-Follower Voltage Transfer Relation
Section 7.3. Body Effect and Source-Follower Voltage Transfer Relation
Section 7.4. Summary of Equations
Section 7.5. Exercises and Projects
Unit 8. MOSFET Differential Amplifier Stage
Section 8.1. DC (Bias) Circuit
Section 8.2. DC Imbalances
Section 8.3. Signal Voltage Gain of the Ideal Differential Amplifier Stage
Section 8.4. Effect of the Bias Resistor on Voltage Gain
Section 8.5. Differential Voltage Gain
Section 8.6. Common-Mode Voltage Gain
Section 8.7. Voltage Gains Including Transistor Output Resistance
Section 8.8. Body Effect and Voltage Gain
Section 8.9. Amplifier Gain with Differential and Common-Mode Inputs
Section 8.10. Comparison of Numerical Gain Results
Section 8.11. Summary of Equations
Section 8.12. Exercises and Projects
Unit 9. MOSFET Current Sources
Section 9.1. Basic Current Source
Section 9.2. Current Source with Source Degeneration
Section 9.3. Differential Amplifier Balancing Circuit
Section 9.4. Summary of Equations
Unit 10. Common-Source Amplifier with Current-Source Load
Section 10.1. DC (Bias) Circuit
Section 10.2. Signal Voltage Gain
Section 10.3. Summary of Equations
Section 10.4. Exercises and Projects
Unit 11. Operational Amplifiers with Resistor Negative Feedback
Section 11.1. Operational Amplifiers with Resistance Feedback
Section 11.2. Output Resistance of the Resistor Feedback Amplifier
Section 11.3. Operational Amplifier Offset
Section 11.4. DC Stabilization with the Feedback Resistor
Section 11.5. Frequency Response of the Operational Amplifier and Resistor
Feedback Amplifier
Section 11.6. Summary of Equations
Section 11.7. Exercises and Projects
Unit 12. Operational Amplifier Applications with Capacitors
Section 12.1. Operational Amplifier Integrator
Section 12.2. Operational Amplifier Oscillator
Section 12.3. Summary of Equations
Section 12.4. Exercises and Projects
Unit 13. Cascaded Amplifier Stages
Section 13.1. Combining NMOS and PMOS Circuits in Cascade
Section 13.2. Amplifier Gain of Differential Amplifier and Common-Source
Stage in Cascade
Section 13.3. Stabilization of Signal Gain and Bias Current with a Source
Resistor
Section 13.4. Common-Source Stage as a Series – Series Feedback Circuit
Section 13.5. Shunt – Series Cascade Amplifier
Section 13.6. Summary of Equations
Unit 14. Development of a Basic CMOS Operational Amplifier
Section 14.1. Current-Source Bias for the Differential Amplifier Stage
Section 14.2. Current-Source Output Resistance and Common-Mode Gain
Section 14.3. Current-Source Load for the Common-Source Stage
Section 14.4. Current-Source Load for the Differential Stage
Section 14.5. Two-Stage Amplifier with Current-Source Biasing
Section 14.6. Output Buffer Stage
Section 14.7. Output Resistance of the Feedback Amplifier and Effect on Gain
from Loading
Section 14.8. Output Circuit of the TS271 Opamp
Section 14.9. Summary of Equations
Unit A. Communicating with the Circuit Board: LabVIEW Programming and
Measurement Exercises
Section A.1. Basics of Sending and Receiving Circuit Voltages
Section A.2. ADC and the Autoranging Voltmeter
Section A.3. LabVIEW Oscilloscope and Voltmeter (ac)
Section A.4. Measuring the Discrete Characteristics of Sending and Receiving
Voltages
Section A.5. Sending and Receiving Waveforms
Section A.6. Summary of Programming Projects
Unit B. Characterization of the Bipolar Junction Transistor for Circuit Simulation
Section B.1. Fundamentals of Bipolar Junction Transistor Action
Section B.2. Base-Width Dependence on Junction Voltage
Section B.3. BJT Base, Emitter, and Collector Currents in the Active Mode
Section B.4. Diode-Connected Transistor Circuits for Measuring Base and
Collector Current
Section B.5. Output Characteristics of BJT in the Common-Emitter Mode
Section B.6. SPICE Solution for IC versus VCE of the Measurement Circuit
Section B.7. Collector-Emitter Voltage and Collector Current in the Saturation
Region
Section B.8. SPICE BJT βDC as a Function of Collector Current
Section B.9. Signal or Incremental Common-Emitter Current Gain
Section B.10. Summary of Equations
Section B.11. Exercises and Projects
Unit C. Common-Emitter Amplifier Stage
Section C.1. DC (Bias) Analysis
Section C.2. Linear or Signal Model for the BJT
Section C.3. Amplifier Voltage Gain
Section C.4. Accuracy of Transistor Gain Measurements
Section C.5. Effect of Finite Slope of the Transistor Output Characteristic
Section C.6. Selection of Coupling Capacitors
Section C.7. Common-Emitter Amplifier with Active Load
Section C.8. Frequency Response of NPN – PNP Amplifier Due to the Base
Shunt Capacitor
Section C.9. Common-Emitter Stage with Emitter Resistor and the Emitter-
Follower Amplifier Stage
Section C.10. Summary of BJT Model Parameter Relations
Section C.11. Summary of Circuit Equations
Section C.12. Exercises and Projects
Laboratory Project 1. Basic Circuit Analysis for Electronic Circuits and
Programming Exercises
Section P1.1. Resistor Voltage-Divider Measurements
Section P1.2. Resistor Voltage Divider with Current Measurement
Section P1.3. Resistor Voltage Divider with Resistor Measurement
Section P1.4. Resistor Voltage Divider with a Sine-Wave Source Voltage
Section P1.5. Frequency Response of a Resistor-Capacitor Circuit
Laboratory Project 2. Basic NMOS Common-Source Amplifier with
Programming Exercises
Section P2.1. NMOS Common-Source Circuit with Drain Current Measurement
Section P2.2. NMOS Common-Source Amplifier with Resistor Gate Bias Circuit
Section P2.3. Amplifier with Signal and Gain Measurement
Laboratory Project 3. Characterization of the PMOS Transistor for Circuit
Simulation
Section P3.1. SPICE Parameters and Pin Diagram
Section P3.2. SPICE Equations
Section P3.3. PMOS Transistor
Section P3.4. Low-Voltage Linear Region of the Output Characteristic
Section P3.5. PMOS Parameters from the Transfer Characteristic
Section P3.6. PMOS Lambda from the Transfer Characteristic
Section P3.7. PMOS Output Characteristic
Section P3.8. PMOS Lambda
Laboratory Project 4. Characterization of the NMOS Transistor for Circuit
Simulation
Section P4.1. SPICE Parameters and Chip Diagram
Section P4.2. NMOS Transistor
Section P4.3. SPICE Equations
Section P4.4. NMOS Parameters from the Transfer Characteristic
Section P4.5. NMOS Lambda from the Transfer Characteristic
Section P4.6. NMOS Gamma SubVI
Section P4.7. NMOS Gamma
Section P4.8. NMOS Circuit with Body Effect
Laboratory Project 5. PMOS Common-Source Amplifier
Section P5.1. SPICE Equations and Pin Diagram
Section P5.2. PMOS Common-Source Amplifier DC Setup
Section P5.3. Amplifier Gain at One Bias Current
Section P5.4. Amplifier Gain versus Bias Current
Laboratory Project 6. PMOS Common-Source Amplifier Stage with Current-
Source Biasing
Section P6.1. PMOS Schematic and Pin Diagram
Section P6.2. SPICE PMOS and Circuit Equations
Section P6.3. PMOS Current-Source Amplifier DC Setup
Section P6.4. Amplifier Gain
Section P6.5. Amplifier Frequency Response
Laboratory Project 7. NMOS Common-Source Amplifier Stage with Source-
Resistor Bias
Section P7.1. Chip Diagram and SPICE Equation
Section P7.2. NMOS Common-Source Amplifier DC Evaluation
Section P7.3. Amplifier Gain at Optimum Bias for Linear Output
Section P7.4. Optimum Bias Stability Test
Section P7.5. Amplifier Frequency Response
Laboratory Project 8. NMOS Source-Follower Stage
Section P8.1. SPICE Equations and Pin Diagram
Section P8.2. Source-Follower DC Evaluation
Section P8.3. Source-Follower Voltage Transfer Relation
Section P8.4. Source-Follower Voltage Transfer Relation with Body Effect
Laboratory Project 9. MOSFET Differential Amplifier Stage
Section P9.1. SPICE Equations and Pin Diagram
Section P9.2. DC Evaluation of the Single-Power-Supply Differential Amplifier
Section P9.3. Determination of the PMOS Parameters
Section P9.4. Amplifier Gain Measurement
Section P9.5. Transistor Parameters and DC Imbalance
Section P9.6. Common-Mode Gain Measurement
Laboratory Project 10. Current Mirror and Common-Source Amplifier with
Current-Source Load
Section P10.1. SPICE Equations and Pin Diagram
Section P10.2. Evaluation of the Current-Source Circuit
Section P10.3. Evaluation of the Mirror-Current Circuit
Section P10.4. Evaluation of the Bias Setup
Section P10.5. Measurement of the Amplifier Gain versus Drain Current
Laboratory Project 11. Operational Amplifier with Resistor Feedback
Section P11.1. SPICE Equations
Section P11.2. Bias Circuit Setup
Section P11.3. Opamp Offset Voltage
Section P11.4. Evaluation of the Bias Balancing Circuit
Section P11.5. Evaluation of the Gain and Signal Limits with Swept Input
Section P11.6. Evaluation of the Gain with Sine-Wave and Square-Wave Signals
Section P11.7. Determination of the Opamp Frequency Response
Laboratory Project 12. Operational Amplifier Integrator and Oscillator
Section P12.1. SPICE Equations
Section P12.2. Opamp Integrator
Section P12.3. Opamp Oscillator
Laboratory Project A. Communicating with the Circuit Board Using the DAQ
Section PA.1. Sending and Receiving Voltages with the Sending and Receiving
VIs
Section PA.2. Sending and Receiving Voltages from the Front Panel
Section PA.3. Plotting Measured Samples
Section PA.4. Using the Autoranging Voltmeter
Section PA.5. Observing the Oscilloscope Output Graph
Section PA.6. Discrete Output Voltage from the DAQ
Section PA.7. Discrete Input Voltage from the Circuit Board
Section PA.8. Using the Simultaneous Sending/Receiving Function
Laboratory Project B. Characterization of the Bipolar Junction Transistor for
Circuit Simulation
Section PB.1. SPICE Parameters and Transistor Diagram
Section PB.2. SPICE Equations
Section PB.3. Diode-Connected Transistor Measurements
Section PB.4. Measurement of βDC versus the Collector Current
Section PB.5. BJT Output Characteristic Measurement
Section PB.6. Simulation of the Output Characteristic Measurement
Laboratory Project C1. NPN Common-Emitter Amplifier
Section PC.1. SPICE Equations and Pin Diagram
Section PC.2. DC Circuit Setup and Parameter Determination
Section PC.3. Amplifier Gain at One Bias Current
Section PC.4. Amplifier Gain versus Bias Current
Section PC.5. Gain-Measurement Frequency Response
Laboratory Project C2. NPN – PNP Common-Emitter Amplifier with Current-
Source Load
Section PC.6. SPICE Equations and Pin Diagram
Section PC.7. Measurement of the PNP Parameters
Section PC.8. DC Circuit Setup
Section PC.9. Measurement of the Amplifier Gain